Efek yang terasa pada fisik ketika stres diantaranya,
- Berkeringat.
- Sakit dipunggung atau dada.
- Kram atau kejang otot.
- Pingsan.
- Sakit kepala.
- Sensasi seperti tertusuk jarum.
Sebuah studi pada tahun 2012 menemukan bahwa stresor yang dialami oleh para orang tua, seperti, masalah keuangan, orang tua tunggal dapat menyebabkan obesitas pada anak-anak mereka.
Reaksi emosional yang disebabkan stres antara lain,
- Marah.
- Kelelahan.
- Masalah konsentrasi.
- Perasaan tidak aman.
- sering lupa.
- Mudah terpancing emosi.
- Menggigit kuku.
- Kegelisahan.
- Kesedihan.
Perilaku yang berhubungan dengan stres meliputi,
- Sering mengidam makanan.
- Makan terlalu banyak atau sedikit.
- Penyalahgunaan narkoba dan alkohol.
- Konsumsi tembakau yang lebih tinggi.
- Menarik diri dari lingkungan sosial.
- Sering menangis.
- Masalah dalam hubungan.
Jika stress berkembang menjadi kronis, stres ini akan menyebabkan beberapa komplikasi, diantaranya,
- Kegelisahan.
- Depresi.
- Penyakit jantung.
- Tekanan darah tinggi.
- Imunitas menurun.
- Sakit otot.
- PSTD.
- Kesulitan tidur.
- Sakit perut.
- Disfungsi ereksi (impotensi) dan hilangnya libido.
Referensi
- Medicalnewstoday. Why stress happens and how to manage it. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/145855#types
- NIMH. 5 Things You Should Know About Stress. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/stress/index.shtml
- American Psychological Association. (2018). APA Stress in America™ survey. Generation Z stressed about issues in the news but least likely to vote [Press release]. https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2018/10/generation-z-stressed
- Cartwright, C., et al. (2016). Long-term antidepressant use. Patient perspectives of benefits and adverse effects. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4970636/
- Loprinzi, P. D., & Frith, E. (2019). Protective and therapeutic effects of exercise on stress-induced memory impairment [Abstract]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30203315
- Manage stress. Strengthen your support network. (n.d.). http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/emotional-support.aspx
- Nabi, H., et al. (2013). Increased risk of coronary heart disease among individuals reporting adverse impact of stress on their health. The Whitehall II prospective cohort study. https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/34/34/2697/617400
- Parks, E. P., et al. (2012). Influence of stress in parents on child obesity and related behaviors. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3483892/
- Robinson, L., et al. (2019). Relaxation techniques for stress relief. https://www.helpguide.org/articles/stress/relaxation-techniques-for-stress-relief.htm
- Sara, J. D., et al. (2018). Association between work‐related stress and coronary heart disease. A review of prospective studies through the job strain, effort‐reward balance, and organizational justice models. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6015274/
- APA. Stress effects on the body. (n.d.) http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/stress.aspx
- Student guide to surviving stress and anxiety in college & beyond. https://www.learnpsychology.org/student-stress-anxiety-guide/
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